Surname Origins, Their Source and Significations (1875)

our 'Cornwallis's' also yet preserve such fuller forms as 'Thomas le Cornwaleys,' or 'Philip le Cornwaleys.'

We may here mention our 'Cockins,' 'Cockaignes,'and 'Cockaynes,' instances of which are early found. An old poem begins

Fur in sea, bi west Spayne,

Is a lond ihote Cockaigne.

There seems to be a general agreement among those who have studied the subject that our 'cockney' was originally a denizen of this fabled region, and then was afterwards, from a notion of London being the seat of luxury and effeminacy, transferred to that city. A 'William Cockayne' is found in the 'Placitorum' of Richard L's reign, while the Hundred Rolls are yet more precise in a 'Richarde de Cockayne.' Speaking of London, however, we must not forget our 'Londonish's.' They are but relics of such mediaeval entries as ' Ralph le Lundreys,' or'William Londonissh,' either of whom we should now term 'Londoner,'one who had come from the metropolis and settled somewhere in the country. Chaucer in one of his prose works spells it 'Londenoys,' which is somewhat nearer the modern form. 'London,' once simple 'de London,' needs no remark.

A passing from one part of the British Empire to another has been a prolific source of nomenclature. Thus we find such names as 'Henry de Irlaund,' 'Adam de Irland,' 'John le Irreys,' or 'Thomas le Ireis,' in the ordinary dress of 'Ireland' and 'Irish,' to be by no means obsolete in the present day. 'Roger le Escot' or 'Maurice le Scot' represents, I need scarcely say, a surname that is all but intermin-

LOCAL SURNAMES.

able, the Caledonian having ever been celebrated for his roving as well as canny propensities. It is to our brethren over the Border, too, we owe the more special form of 'Inglis,' known better in the south as ' English.' The Hundred Rolls furnish us with such names as 'Walter le Engleis,' or 'Robert le Engleys,' or ' Walter Ingeleys.' Laurence Minot has the modern form. Describing Edward III.'s entrance into Brabant, he says

The Inglis men were armed wele,

Both in yren and in stele.

The representatives of our native-born Welshmen are well-nigh as numerous as those across the Scottish line, and the early spellings we light upon are equally varied — ' le Galeys,'1 ' le Waleys,' 'le Waleis,' and ' le Walsshe' being, however, the commonest. The last is used by Piers Plowman, who speaks of

Rose the Disheress,

Godfrey of Garlekhithe,

And Gryfin the Walshe.

In these, of course, we at once discern the progenitors of our 'Welshs' and 'Wallaces.' 'Walshman' is also found as 'Walseman.' 'Langlois' seems to be firmly established in our present midst as an importation from France. It was evidently returned to us all but contemporaneously with its rise there, for as 'L'Angleys ' or ' Lengleyse,' it is found on English soil in

1 One of Edward III.'sregulations concerning the sale and purchase of wool speaks of 'merchandises en Engleterre, Gales, ou Irlande;' and further on more personally of ' merchantz Enaleis, Galeis, ou Irreis.'(' Stat. of Realm,'vol. i. p. 334) 'Henry le Galeys,'that is, as we should say now, 'Henry Welsh,' was Mayor of London in 1298.